Engineered Solutions of Georgia

Proposal

Lindsay Moss-Frangie

305 Red Gate Overlook

Canton

GA

A Lifetime of Support 2260 Northwest Parkway Suite H Marietta, GA 30067 Office 678.290.1325 Fax 770.956.7403 www.esogrepair.com President Jay Eastland 404-754-4689 Cell Partner & Director of Production, Luis Cuevas 678-4244 Cell

August 16, 2018

Dear

Lindsay

Foun dat io n Rep ai r & Wat er p r oof ing I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for choosing Engineered Solutions to provide you with a quote for your foundation repair needs. Jay Eastland, Luis Cuevas, and I have a combined 50 years of experience in the foundation and waterproofing business. We have many products at our disposal, which allow us to customize a repair to your specific need. We are accustom to working with engineers in our area and will be glad to furnish some recommendations should the need arise. Engineered Solutions of Georgia strives to make it as easy as possibly for you to do business with us, we accept most major credit cards, offer six months same as cash and several 100% financing options. Once you have made the decision to work with ESOG on your project we will do everything in our power to insure your satisfaction. We are committed to being very accessible through the repair process and the bid process as well. We very much look forward to working with you in the near future and would be glad to answer any questions. Please feel free to contact either one of us at the office or try the cell numbers listed below. We also invite you to visit us on the web http://www.esogrepair.com , see our reviews on Kudzu.com (click here) , our third party customer service audit conducted by guild quality (click here) and our A rating with the Better Business Bureau (click here)

Yours truly,

Chuck Irby Engineered Solutions VP Geotechnical Services Cell 678-787-5744

Jay Eastland 404-754-4689 Luis Cuevas 678-654-4244

The ESOG Advantage click on each icon to see more information

Guildmaster Award 2014, 2015 Service Excellence Award 2012, 2013 Best of Awards 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

Contractor Award Best of 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015

Super Service Award 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016

Preferred Contractor 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

Verified Foundation Repair Contractor 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

Five Star Rated Contractor 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

Contract for Services

2260 Northwest Parkway • Suite H • Marietta, GA 30067 • 678-290-1325

Date of Issue:

8/16/17

Customer Information - 26885

Jobsite Information

Lindsay Moss-Frangie 305 Red Gate Overlook Canton

Lindsay Moss-Frangie 305 Red Gate Overlook Canton

Name:

Contact Name:

Address:

Address:

State: GA

Zip: 30115

State: GA

Zip: 30115

City:

City:

Phone: (404) 451-8429

Phone:

Cell:

Cell:

Fax:

Fax:

Lfrangie@jgwentworth.com

Lfrangie@jgwentworth.com

Email:

Email:

ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS OF GEORGIA PROPOSES TO FURNISH AND INSTALL THE FOLLOWING SCOPE OF WORK:

Waterproofing

Structural Repairs

Pressure Grouting

INSTALL (6) FOUNDATION PIERS: (SEE PLAN) 1. Have utilities marked by locating service. Locating service marks from street to meter. If any private utilities are suspected in the work area, a private locating service must be contracted by owner. ESOG may provide recommendation upon request. 2. Excavate area to expose existing concrete footing. 3. Prep footing and attach galvanized foundation brackets for each pier under center load of footing. 4. Drive foundation piers up to 21’ through poor soil to load bearing strata (see terms and conditions on page 2 for additional charges assessed if piers advance past 21’). 5. Transfer load to piers to stabilize foundation against any further settlement. 6. Secure piers and backfill holes. STABILIZE CROSS-TIE RETAINING WALL WITH SOIL NAILS AND SHOTCRETE FACING

1. Provide repair design by GA registered engineer 2. Lay out soil nail locations 3. Install Titan 30/16 bar soil nails to design length 4. Pressure Grout Soil Nails in place 5. Tie reinforcing steel in place per design 6. Apply shotcrete facing per design 7. Clean up and remove construction related debris

OTHERS TO PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING

Replace damaged vegetation between retaining walls, Provide veneer over shotcrete facing, Provide equipment access to work area

Applicable Warranty – see terms and conditions in the attached warranty addendum

Waterproofing Warranty

Structural Warranty

Triple Protection Warranty

Payment Schedule

$36,000.00

Deposit

Total Contract Amount

$144,000.00

$108,000.00

Due Upon Completion

Quotation valid for 90 days from the date of issue. Contract subject to terms and conditions printed on the accompanying addenda.

Presented by ESOG

Accepted by the Customer

ESOG Signature

Date

Customer Signature

Date

Print Name Chuck Irby

Lindsay Moss-Frangie

Print Name

form revision 12/04/12

Terms & Conditions of This Contract

Customer: Lindsay Moss-Frangie

Jobsite Address: 305 Red Gate Overlook , Canton, GA 30115

Date of Issue:

8/16/17

1. SERVICES. Engineered Solutions of Georgia, Inc. (“ESOG”) shall perform each of the services listed in Description of Services listed above (the "Services"). You, the customer named above (“Customer”), agree that ESOG shall have no duty to provide any services or deliver any goods other than described above.

2. RETAINER. A retainer (the “Retainer”) of twenty-five percent (25%) of the Estimate price is due prior to ESOG’s commencement of the Services.

3. ADDITIONAL CHARGES. Customer acknowledges it is impossible in all cases for ESOG to precisely assess the scope of needed Services prior to commencing work. During the course of providing the Services ESOG may discover additional conditions or damages that must be remedied. In such case, Customer authorizes ESOG to perform such additional services (the “Additional Services”) and agrees to reasonably compensate ESOG therefor. Customer further agrees to compensate ESOG for each of the following, regardless of whether such services or charges are expressly included in the Description of Services above: (a) Normal Construction. This Agreement assumes normal construction, concrete thickness and footing depth (no more than three feet below interior slab) and further assumes compliance with applicable building codes. If unforeseen subsurface conditions are encountered additional charges may be levied (at the contractor's option) to prepare the area for installation. If corrections are not made all warranties are void. (b) Pre-Drilling Conditions. In some instances debris is located above competent bearing material and cannot be penetrated by piers. In those instances pre drilling is necessary to provide a warranted pier. The pre- drilling mobilization charge is $3,000.00 and includes one day (up to eight hours) of onsite drilling. If additional drill time is required it will be billed at $225.00 per hour. If competent bearing is not reached additional movement may occur and such movement is excluded from warranty coverage. (c) Undisclosed Conditions. If ESOG encounters any unforeseen or undisclosed conditions in performing the Services, additional charges may be incurred (at ESOG option) to provide for and/or correct these conditions. If ESOG recommends that such corrections be made but Customer declines, then all warranties are void. (d) Footings and Floors. This Agreement is based on a standard width footing (not over sixteen (16) inches wide), unless otherwise specified. If wider footings are encountered, a surcharge of up to $7.50 per linear foot may be charged at ESOG’s sole option. If a monolithic slab is encountered, an alternative inside waterproofing method must be employed and a surcharge of up to $5.00 per linear foot may be charged. This contract is based on standard floor thickness not to exceed five (5) inches in depth. If thicker floors are encountered, a surcharge of $2.00 per linear foot per inch of depth may be charged at the ESOG’s sole option. In each case, Customer will pay ESOG such additional charges. (e) Pier Depth. It is impossible to determine in advance how deep ESOG must drill to reach a load bearing strata. The cost quoted for piering covers up to twenty-one (21) feet in depth. Any necessary drilling in excess of this depth shall be charged at a cost of $28.00 per additional foot. (f) Crack Injections. The minimum charge to mobilize and inject cracks in foundation walls is $800 per wall. (g) Grout Quantity Estimate. Pressure grouting overage/underage is billed at $17.33 per cubic foot. ESOG uses an industry accepted formula to calculate estimated grout quantity in order to provide a quote for repairs. ESOG will periodically notify Customer of actual usage. The minimum charge for grouting operations is $2,900.00 (100 cu.ft. of grout) per day. (h) Change Order. ESOG may request or Customer may order changes in the Services that impact the Estimate Price or the anticipated completion date. All such changes in the Services that affect the Estimate Price or anticipated completion date shall be formalized in a written change order (each, a “Change Order”) substantially in the form attached hereto labeled “Change Order Worksheet”. Additional charges associated with a Change Order shall be provided on the Change Order Worksheet, and Customer agrees to pay all such additional charges. 4. PAYMENT TERMS. All sums are due immediately upon completion of work (other than the Retainer, which is due in advance), unless otherwise specified in this Agreement. Customer’s failure to pay for Services rendered within ten (10) days’ completion thereof will constitute a default hereunder. In the event of default, Customer agrees to pay all collection costs incurred by ESOG, including reasonable attorney’s fees, and agrees to pay interest at the rate of 1.5% per month (18% APR) on the unpaid balance until paid in full. 5. CUSTOMER DUTIES. (a) Presence at Jobsite. Customer must be present at the Jobsite for the start and the completion of the project. ESOG’s production crews will arrive each day between 8:30am and 9:30am unless otherwise stated. ESOG’s foreman will contact Customer one (1) hour before completion. (b) Clear Work Area. Customer shall clear all work areas where Services are to be performed (collectively, the “Work Space”). This includes removal by Customer of any and all obstructions and/or impediments in the Work Space, including, but not limited to: carpet, floor covering, stairs, counters, counter tops, cabinets, shelves, plumbing, appliances, furniture and fixtures. Customer’s duty to clear shall further include all space within thirty-six (36) inches from each wall within or adjacent to the Work Space. Customer further agrees to provide a clear path of ingress and egress for personnel and equipment to and from the Work Space. (c) Water and Electrical Power. Customer shall provide ESOG water service and electrical power necessary for completing the Services. This includes access to water for mixing concrete (if necessary) and a minimum of two (2) electrical circuits (one 20-amp circuit and one 15-amp circuit). If no power is provided, the customer will be responsible for any cost incurred by ESOG in providing power. In the event of circuit overload, access to the fuse or circuit breaker box (electrical service) must be provided. In the case of fuses, the customer must provide an ample supply of replacement fuses in the event of circuit overload. If a sump pump(s) is/are required, Customer shall provide an electrical outlet within 25 feet of the pump. (d) Finished Walls. The customer is responsible for the removal and replacement of baseboards and trim unless otherwise specified. ESOG is not responsible for damage to finished walls (plaster, sheetrock, baseboards, paint, wall coverings, molding, paneling, etc.) not removed by customer. (e) if framed walls are added after waterproofing system is installed bottom plate must be adheared with consturction glue. piercing of waterproofing system will void warranty 6. HOLD HARMLESS. Customer acknowledges the Services provided by ESOG hereunder are inherently dangerous and are sought to help remedy existing water and/or structural damages. Accordingly, Customer agrees to indemnify, defend and hold ESOG harmless from any of the following: (a) Plants, Shrubs and Trees. Outside installations and excavation carry an inherent danger of damage to flowers, plants, shrubs and trees. ESOG assumes no liability for damage to plants, shrubs, trees or other landscaping due to our work. (b) Concrete Floors. With inside installations, a section of concrete floor may be removed and replaced. If necessary, such removal and replacement may result in some color variation in the floor. Additionally, if clay must be removed it may cause some staining of the concrete floor. Customer agrees that in some cases such staining is unavoidable, and that ESOG will not be responsible for damage of staining due to removal of materials or patching. (c) Dust. In most cases, the dust control methods utilized are adequate. Occasionally, particularly hard or thick floors require the use of an air hammer, which is less amenable to dust control. In such cases, ESOG will pay up to $100.00 for an outside cleaning service, as determined by ESOG in its sole discretion. (d) Plastic Deformation. Components that have deformed over time may cause cracks to appear during a lift. This is a natural occurrence and ESOG assumes no responsibility for such damage and deformation may prevent floors from being level. (e) Surrounding Amenities, Utilities and Finishes. ESOG shall use commercially reasonable efforts to control grout overflow and splatter. However, as the grout is injected under pressure, some overflow and splatter is unavoidable. ESOG shall not be responsible for damage to plants, underground utilities or adjacent areas into which grout may flow, including, but not limited to, pool shells, brick or stone veneer, plumbing, electrical conduits, floor drains and pipe penetrations. Although, ESOG will cover finishes, touch up paint may be required and in some instances walls and ceilings may need to be repainted. A quote for painting can be provided upon request and is not included in the cost of this contract. Customer or Customer’s agent must be present during the grouting process. 7. EXTERIOR DRAINAGE. Exterior drainage is covered under a one-year workmanship and materials warranty. Exterior drainage has a fixed, limited capacity. If that capacity is exceeded due to rain fall or debris in the line, a leak will occur and is not covered under the warranty. A recommendation can be made to have a hydrologist study the drain basin and design a drainage plan to meet specific flood plains (25-year, 50 year, 100- year etc.) at additional cost. 8. STABILIZATION. The primary objective of work performed hereunder is to stabilize the repaired area against further movement. ESOG will attempt, but cannot guarantee, to lift the foundation, level floors, close cracks, render doors and windows operational and move walls back into original position. Customer must be present during the lift. Walls and wall components that have rotated out of position often will not return to their original positions and additional repairs will be required. Such additional repairs are not part of this contract unless otherwise stated. ESOG will lift only as much as the structural integrity will allow. 9. SOIL DISCLAIMER. In the absence of a soil report generated by a licensed geotechnical engineer, the allowable soil pressure for the purpose of the Services is 2,000 psf. Prior to construction, soil design parameters stated on the structural foundation details, including, but not limited to, allowable soil bearing pressure, equivalent lateral fluid pressure (active and passive), internal angle of friction, coefficient of friction and soil density, shall be field-verified by a geotechnical testing company engaged by Customer. In the event of a conflict between field-verified soil parameters and those stated on the foundation details, construction shall not proceed until appropriate design modifications by the foundation design engineer-of-record have been submitted. 10. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. IN NO EVENT SHALL ESOG BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF WARRANTY, BREACH OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR ANY OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER CUSTOMER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE. THE LIABILITY OF ESOG SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT OF FEES ACTUALLY PAID TO ESOG BY CLIENT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT. 11. DISCLAIMER OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, ESOG MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS AND EXTENDS NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND THE NON- INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD-PARTY PROPRIETARY RIGHTS. ALL UNIFORMCOMMERCIAL CODE WARRANTIES ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED BY THE PARTIES. 12. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the heirs, personal representatives, successors, and assigns of the Parties. Any notice or demand made hereunder shall be sent by electronic mail or facsimile and the original sent as specified herein the same day by United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the address provided above. In the event of a default, the defaulting party shall reimburse the non-defaulting party for all costs and expenses reasonably incurred by in connection with the default, including, without limitation, attorney fees. No waiver of any provision of this Agreement shall be deemed or constitute a waiver of any other provision, nor shall any waiver constitute a continuing waiver. No waiver shall be binding unless executed in writing by both parties. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Georgia and any dispute related hereto or arising hereunder shall be brought exclusively in the Superior Court of Cobb County, Georgia. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties pertaining to its subject matter, and it supersedes all prior contemporaneous agreements, representations, and understandings of the Parties. No modification, or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by all Parties. ESOG shall not be in default if prevented from performing any of its obligations hereunder for any reason beyond its reasonable control, including without limitation: acts of God, nature, public enemy strikes, limitations or law, regulations or Customer’s failure to perform its duties and obligations required of it in order for ESOG to provide its Services under this Agreement.

Customer Signature

form revision 12/04/12

Warranties

Customer: Lindsay Moss-Frangie

Jobsite Address: 305 Red Gate Overlook , Canton, GA 30115

Date of Issue:

8/16/17

Structural Warranty: Engineered Solutions, Inc. warrants its work to be free of defects in workmanship and materials for the life of the structure, provided all terms of the contract have been met. This covers labor and materials under direct control of Engineered Solutions. Products of other suppliers (pier steel, brackets, fasteners, etc) are covered by that manufacturer's separate warranty. This warranty is transferable to successive owners provided that Engineered Solutions is notified in writing, within thirty days of the date of transfer. If any additional movement of the installed components occurs counter to the repair, other than movement caused by earthquake, ground shifts, severe wind, flood, slope or hill movement, extreme change in the water table (sink holes or upheaval), or other Acts of God or similar man made conditions including but not limited to, explosions, mining operations, abandonment of building, improper drainage, adjacent construction, improperly supported additional construction, etc. Engineered Solutions will at no cost to the homeowner, correct any defect in workmanship or materials in order to stabilize the area. The foregoing is our sole warranty. All other warranties are excluded. The owners’ sole remedy shall be for correction of any defect in workmanship or materials as set forth above. In no event shall Engineered Solutions be liable for consequential damages regardless of basis of claim.

Customer Signature

form revision 12/04/12

STABILIZE WITH TIE-BACK ANCHORS AND SHOTCRETE FACING

INDICATES LOCATION OF FOUNDATION PIER LEGEND

DRAWN BY

REPAIR PLAN

RS

SCALE

N.T.S.

o f G e o r g i a Foundation Repair & Waterproofing

305 Red Gate Overlook Canton, GA

DATE

8/16/2018

This drawing is the sole property of Engineered Solutions of Georgia. Reproducing or copying this drawing, in whole or in part, is prohibited without the express written permission of Engineered Solutions of Georgia. It is only to be used for the project designated herein and may not be used for any other project. It is to be returned upon request.

DRAWING NUMBER

SK-1

LIFTING ASSEMBLY

HYDRAULIC JACK

LOCK-OFF BOLTS

ANCHOR BOLT ATTACH BRACKET TO FOOTING

HELICAL PIER

POOR SOIL

LOAD BEARING STRATA

DRAWN BY

RETROFIT PIER

OC

SCALE

N.T.S.

o f G e o r g i a Foundation Repair & Waterproofing

DATE

3/27/15

This drawing is the sole property of Engineered Solutions of Georgia. Reproducing or copying this drawing, in whole or in part, is prohibited without the express written permission of Engineered Solutions of Georgia. It is only to be used for the project designated herein and may not be used for any other project. It is to be returned upon request.

DRAWING NUMBER

ST-1

EXISTING EXTERIOR WALL

EXISTING SLAB

EXISTING FOOTING

NEW FOUNDATION SUPPORT BRACKET MECHANICALLY FASTENED TO EXISTING PERIMETER FOOTING

NEW RESISTANCE PIER SHAFT

SOIL / EARTH

RESISTANCE PIER LEAD SECTION ADVANCED TO LOAD BEARING STRATA

DRAWN BY

RESISTANCE PIER

OC

SCALE

N.T.S.

o f G e o r g i a Foundation Repair & Waterproofing

DATE

3/27/15

This drawing is the sole property of Engineered Solutions of Georgia. Reproducing or copying this drawing, in whole or in part, is prohibited without the express written permission of Engineered Solutions of Georgia. It is only to be used for the project designated herein and may not be used for any other project. It is to be returned upon request.

DRAWING NUMBER

ST-4

Titan Soil Nails from

• Economic embankment reinforcement

• Unlimited service life

• Suit all soil conditions

Titan Soil Nails from

Advantages of soil nailing

Soil nailing is an efficient, effective and economical method of earth reinforcement, which allows a controlled improvement of the natural stability of the soil. Titan soil nails provide friction, shear and tension strength in loose materials, combining all into a new monolithic structure.

• Installation is practically free from vibration.

• Drill rigs can install soil nails at all angles.

• As there is no requirement to case line the drill hole, most drill rigs installing Titan soil nails are smaller and can cope well with slopes and confined spaces. • Soil nailing offers the opportunity to produce an environmentally friendly but technically safe “green wall” solution, often less expensive than traditional back anchored retaining walls.

Soil nailing consists of 3 basic elements:

1. Existing soils or weathered rock.

2. Titan rotary grouted, self drilling soil nails.

3. Surface treatment with reinforced shotcrete, geotextile mesh or tensioned wire nets on slopes to 70 degrees. Titan soil nails are installed by simultaneous drilling and grouting, which enhances the diameter of the grout body and maximises shear value at the grout/ground interface. Correct design of the nail positioning grid across an embankment and soil nail lengths, results in a monolithic structure capable of supporting required loads.

The Advantages: • Accommodate unexpected changes in load or ground conditions • Load range up to 150kN SWL installed by hand-held rock drills • Can substitute sheet piled walls for cut and cover tunnels The Ischebeck Titan Soil Nail is a value-added product

• Stronger and cheaper than solid GRP soil nails • Viable alternative to concrete retaining walls

• Installed at twice the rate of solid bars • Unaffected by stray electrical currents • Suitable for all ground conditions • Self-drilling, caseless installation • Services all load cases • Unlimited service life

load plate

coupling

spherical collar nut

wedge disc

spacer

TITAN hollow soil nail

flushing through hollow bar

soil area improved by grout

slip plane

active zone

coupling

spacer

grout cover > 25mm

sacrificial drill bit

passive zone

Stabilising cuttings

CTRL 430

Some 375No. 6m long 30/60 soil nails were installed on CTRL 430, part of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link Phase 1. The soil nails were used as part of a temporary works scheme in Ashford in order to construct a new bridge abutment adjacent to the existing railway. The cutting had an overall length of 60m and was 6.2m high. A gunite finish was used to retain the 70° batter. The soil nails were successfully tested to 75kN:-

• 60 metre cutting, 70° batter

• Gunite Finish

• 375No. 6 metre soil nails

• Soil nails tested to 75kN

Avon Ring Road

The Avon Ring Road design and build contract required a new cutting to be constructed within the mudstone experienced on site. The cutting was stabilised by installing over 200No. 30/16 black soil nails. Due to difficult access, the soil nails were installed by a fork lift mounted drill rig. The soil nails were designed to meet the 120 year design life required by the highways agency:-

• Fork lift mounted drilling rig

• 200No. 30/16 black soil nails

• 120 year design life

Embankment stabilisation

Bugbrooke Embankment

Bugbrooke Embankment emergency works saw the installation of some 250No. 8m long 30/16 soil nails within three days of establishing on site. The 30/16 black soil nails had a design life of 60 years and a nominal working load of 20kN. The self drilling caseless operation allowed the train speed restriction to be lifted at the earliest opportunity:-

• 250No. 8m soil nails

• 60 year design life

• 3 day installation programme minimises rail closure

Leighton Buzzard

This section of embankment forms part of the West Coast Main Line. A combination of 30/11, 30/14, 30/16 and 40/20 soil nails was installed to allow for a sacrificial thickness loss due to the soil conditions being considered as mildly aggressive. The various soil nail types were dependent on the load criteria and predicted loss of section over the required design life of 60 years:-

• 60 year design life

• Aggressive soil conditions

• Soil nails work in conjunction with gabion walls

Alternative to sheet piling

Copenhagen Metro

The Copenhagen Metro cut and cover tunnel involved the excavation of a 12 metre deep cutting through flinty till. Soil nails were selected as the preferred method of stabilisation, replacing sheet piling due to the difficult ground conditions, efficiency and cost effectiveness:-

• Cut and cover tunnel

• Cost effective replacement for sheet piling

• Installation rate of 350 metres per day, per rig

• Maximum deformation of only 15 mm

Road widening schemes

M1 Junction 21A

Part of a major design and build carriageway widening scheme at junction 21A of the M1, required stabilisation of a new cutting in stiff clay. Contractors used 6m and 2m long soil nails to stabilise the embankment:-

• 2m long soil nails tested to 50kN

• Soil nails stabilise cutting and secure facing elements for ‘green’ finish

• Highways Agency approved 60 year design life

A465

The A465 connects the M4 to Merthyr Tydfil. At Aberdulais a section of retaining wall required stabilisation and a combination of reinforced soil and 330No. 11m 30/16 soil nails was used. The soil nails were installed in silt stone using a 70mm button type drill bit. The black 30/16 soil nails had a design life of 120 years:-

• Combination of soil nails and reinforced earth

• 120 year design life

A2/M2 Widening Scheme

Due to inconsistent ground conditions experienced on site, 30/16 soil nails were installed at various locations throughout the works as an alternative design to either reinforced earth structures or sheet piled retaining walls. All soil nail schemes had Highways Agency approval for both temporary and permanent works (120 year design life):-

• Alternative to reinforced earth and sheet piling

• Highways agency approved for 120 year design life

Creating space for site development

Liversedge Used in conjunction with a 150mm thick gabion wall filled with Yorkshire stone, soil nails provided the viable alternative to ordinary reinforced concrete retaining walls and provided a free- draining, aesthetically pleasing finish, as well as maximising the floor area available for development:- • Soil nails as an alternative to reinforced concrete retaining wall • 800No. 30/16 soil nails installed as excavation progressed

• 120 year design life

• 150mm thick gabion mattress

• Factory floor space was doubled

Ballylumford Power Station

The United Kingdom’s largest soil nail and shotcrete retaining wall was used to double the size of this electricity generating plant in Northern Ireland. After cutting back a natural slope comprising clay, large basalt bolders and cobbles, contractors exploited the outstanding performance characteristics of Titan soil nails to drill into these difficult ground conditions and stabilise the embankment

• 1400No. soil nails of between 9m and 18m

• 70mm carbide bits

• 120 year design life

Soil nails TO DIN 21521

Titan self drilling, self grouting hollow soil nails to DIN 21521 The concept of soil nails can be compared to timber technology whereby two planks of wood are joined by nails. The nails develop tension forces, preventing the planks being pulled apart. The nails resist shear forces between the two planks, preventing them from sliding. To guarantee the maximum shear value at the grout/ground interface the Titan soil nail is installed by simultaneous drilling and grouting. Thereby enhancing the diameter of the grout body. The dynamic rotary pressure grouting process penetrates into loose material at the grout/ground interface, dramatically increasing skin friction. This produces an enhanced grout body, giving a pull-out value equivalent to twice the drill bit diameter in non-cohesive soils. Bottom up pressure grouting through the hollow Titan soil nail, fills all fissures and voids on the way to the surface. The rotary percussive drilling action improves the grout strength similar to a concrete vibrating poker. All the benefits above combine to produce the most effective method of mobilising the maximum strength available in the ground. Soil nails differ from grouted piles (DIN 4128), which act independently, and ground anchors, which transfer loads via walls or walings. Soil nails are installed in a grid pattern, in the active zone intersecting the perceived slip circle and penetrating the passive zone. Soil nails are unstressed until ground movement takes place. When movement occurs the shear and tension values in the grouted soil nail are activated.

Titan soil nails can take up tension and shear forces as well as bending moments. The friction value of the soil determines the grid spacing of the soil nails. Correct design of the grid and soil nail lengths results in a monolithic structure capable of supporting required loads. According to the calculations from the French “Clouterre”, four criteria (C) for stability have to be fulfilled:- C1 Staying within the acceptable tension values in the soil nail comprising of normal force, shear force and bending movement. C2 Surface friction in the limit areas of the grout/ground interface and that of the grout/soil nail tendon interface. C3 Lateral force (effective drill hole diam.) of grout body to the soil. C4 Mass law of soils. There are now computer programmes available to assist in the calculation of soil nail forces, lengths, spacing and inclination.

Elementary slice

P max

T c

Failure surface

α

M

τ

T c

T n

I

T n

L a

P max

P otential failure surface

{

FAILURE CRITERIA 1 Nail: M + (Tn) 2 + (Tc) 2 M r R n R c

1

τ

2 Lateral Friction: T n

. Bl a .

3 Lateral Pressure: 4 Soil: τ

c + tan

Calculation & installation

There are 3 general rules for the calculation and installation of soil nails:- 1. Soil nails must penetrate beyond the slip plane into the passive zone typically for 4-5 metres. 2. The spacing of the soil nails, horizontally and vertically, must be directly related to the strength of the soil. Extra soil nails should be installed at the edge of any surface being stabilised. 3. Soil nailing should commence immediately after excavation. Any delay increases the chance of the unrestrained ground relaxing. Early soil nail installation ensures the maximum holding power.

In the United Kingdom, soil nailing with Titan soil nails is approved by the Highways Agency, Railtrack, Ministry of Defence, the Environment Agency, British Waterways and many of the top consulting engineering practices. In Germany Titan soil nails correspond to DIN 21521. In all calculations there is an active zone, which may come loose by pre-deformation and a passive zone, which is static. Both zones are separated by a slip plane, which is considered for calculation as curved or straight. Very often the slip plane is due to nature, e.g. water containing boundary layers or back filled slopes.

Calculation

length of nails 0.5 to 0.7 x wall height but not less than 6.0 m

capacity of nails 50 to 250 kN/m 2 density of nails 0.5 to 2.0 per m 2 amount of reinforcement 1.5 to 6.0 kg/m 3

nail forces 50 to 100 kN (in special applications up to 300 kN)

inclination of nails 0 to 30 degrees deformation of nailed walls 1.50% x wall height

Finite element calculation

Numeric modelling of TITAN soil nails and rock bolts for the finite element (FE) calculation

With FE-calculations, nails or bolts are designed by changing the cohesion or by inserting a tension element (truss) in the area to be nailed/bolted. The expansion stiffness of the tension element (truss) is derived from nail/bolt tests (0.5 m long). For three-dimensional FE- calculations the modelling of the cohesion shows suitable results. For two-dimensional FE- calculations the modelling of the expansion stiffness is more suitable. As nails and bolts are only activated by deformation, it is assumed that prior to any movement of rock/soil mass only the self cohesion of the mass is active. When the strength of the soil is exceeded, the friction changes with increasing plastic elongation for the sum: C remainder (which is the cohesion remaining in soil or rock) plus the cohesive effect from C nail . The cohesive effect depends on the quality of the soil and the mechanical strength of the nail/bolt itself. The nails/bolts are calculated in a simple way based on the thesis of Wullschlager (“A composite material model for the system anchoring” published by the institute of Soil Mechanic and Rock Mechanic of the University Fridericana in Karlsruhe/Germany, paper no. 1 1 2, 1088).

1+ sin

C nail

=

• P

2cos

F a • b

P

=

P

= density of nail

F (Tn) = nail force a, b = designed grid pattern of nails = angle of friction C

= cohesion between 2 finite elements = remaining cohesion of soil/rock

C remainder

conservative calculation

calculating including remaining cohesion of soil/rock

loose soil

loose soil

C nail = 39 kN/m 2

= >C remainder + C nail

= 39.0 kN/m 2

highly weathered rock (V4 - V5)

highly weathered rock (V4 - V5)

C nail = 43 kN/m 2

= >C remainder + C nail

= 55.5 kN/m 2

moderately weathered rock (V2 - V3)

moderately weathered rock (V2 - V3)

C nail = 51 kN/m 2

= >C remainder + C nail

= 81.0 kN/m 2

This approach is valid for loose materials but over designed for sound rock.

Ischebeck Titan Group

Founded in Germany over 120 years ago, Ischebeck is renowned internationally for its aluminium formwork and falsework systems, trench support systems and ground engineering products.

Ischebeck Titan Ltd

The company operates from headquarters centrally located in the heart of the UK.

Product Availability

Substantial stocks of equipment are available ex-stock from the company’s strategically located 4-acre distribution site, with most items available nationwide on a 48-hour delivery. Products are available for both hire and outright purchase.

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We will participate in concept stage development, providing input on applications, production rates, budget design and costings. Active for on site support, particularly for new users, we can provide guidance on industry specific european and national standards.

HEAD OFFICE John Dean House Wellington Road Burton upon Trent Staffordshire DE14 2TG

Tel: 01283 515677 Fax: 01283 516126 E-mail: sales@ischebeck-titan.co.uk

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Since our policy is one of continuous improvement we reserve the right to change without prior notice the specifications and methods of construction mentioned in this document. No reponsibility whatsoever can be accepted for any errors or omissions in, or misinterpretation of the contents. Products must be used in conformity with safe practices and applicable codes and regulations. Photos and details shown are for general guidance only and may vary according to circumstances. For specific information refer to Ischebeck Titan Limited. Copyright reserved.

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